This paper presents a summary of findings from a long term bioarchaeological study conducted on the human remains recovered from the Romano-Christian period East Cemetery (Kellis 2) in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt. The environmental conditions and burial practices of this ancient population have created remarkable preservation of archaeological materials and human tissues. Here we focus on the analyses of 724 individuals, combining biological data with that of pathology and stable isotope analyses to create life histories of these individuals. Our results show that the youngest to oldest (16 weeks gestation to 70+ years old), and individuals with all pathological afflictions (e.g., anencephaly, leprosy, tuberculosis) were buried in the Kellis 2 cemetery, reflecting a change in religious ideology and the introduction of Christianity. Skeletal changes also reflect the harsh realities of living in an agrarian, yet desert environment. These life history reconstructions help in understanding how individuals lived and died in this harsh ecological ecozone.